Zakat (Alms)

Zakat

definition in lughah
- to purify and to increase
- hence when you perform zakat, your wealth increases

NOTE 1: in many hadis, zakat comes before sawm (fasting)
NOTE 2: fardhu 'ain upon all muslims
NOTE 3: ma'lum diini minal dharurah

Tazkiyyah an nafs
2 meanings:
(a) good: purify one's self from bad character ( spiritual)
(b) bad: cleaning one's name , riyaa' (haram)

3 important terms:
(a) nisab - the minimum amount before zakat is incumbent
(b) Qadar - how much to take from it to pay as zakat
(c) haul - time to pay zakat, one round /year


Al-Amwaal (Weatlh) of which is compulsory in it Zakat

(i) An- na'am (Domesticated Animals)
(a) camel (libn)
(b) cow(bagar)/kerbau(namz)
(c) sheep(ghanam)
- chicken/horse/deer/kancil not included
-some differentiate kerbau(namz) if use for work in the fields no need, the original ruling is there is a must

(ii) Nagdaani (2 coins)
- dirham ( silver) and dinar (gold)
- for gold/silver not in use includes
(a) women's ornaments
- but if used to lend people for wedding etc (without renting out for it) no need
- if rent out must zakat
(b) haram
- guy wearing gold/silver jewellery other than ring
- utensils, plates bowl etc. made of silver/gold

nisab: 20 mithgal of gold(84g) /200 silver coins(588g)
Qadar: 2.5%

- local currency, mu'tamad must pay zakat because it is pegged with gold

(i)Al-Mu'ashsyarat
2 types:
(a) Cereals
- that is grown as a meal even if occasionally eg. dhal, green pea
- excludes kuaci (lotus seed)

(b) fruits
- 2 types of fruits (i) azabi (raisin) (ii) thamar (ripe dates)

Qadr:
TYPE 1: Grown by themselves (no irrigation or self watering, watering by rain)
- 5%
- For cereals if not processed yet, with the covering ashra ausu' (10%)
TYPE 2: Water the plants by yourself
- 2.5%

Nisab:
- 5 ausu'/300 sa' = approx 825kg

(iv) Amwaalu at-tijarah
Qadr: 2.5% of assets/inventories
Nisab: based on the seeling price not cost
Hawl: 1 yr after the beginning of business

(v) Rikaz ( dafni al-jahiliyyah)
- treasure burried before the rise of rasul(s)
- Qadr: 20%
- no hawl - immediate.
- not logata ; whatever you found. NOTE: for logata must wait for a year after advertising. If someone claim the money is hiz, must investigate before returning. After 1 year can spend BUT if someone lay a claim that the money is his, MUST return back. exclude food, because it cannot less, but still have to pay the owner.

(vi) al- ma'din
- something (from gold and silver - dzhahab walfidhah) from the earth that is processed
- nisab follow nagdan
- no hawl ( immediate)

Al-Isti'anat- Asking for help

Isti'anah - from root word 'awn (help)
The beloved (s) said:

AllAhu fI 'awni l-'abdi mA dAma l-'abdu fI 'awni akhIhi
Allah will [always] help [His] slave, so long as the slave [loves] helping his brother

4 types

(i) mubah (permissible)
eg.
- making near the water for someone who wants to perform wudhu'

(ii) khilaful-aula (contra foremost/best)
- it is below makruh (reprehensible) i.e if you leave it you will get reward
- it is above mubah (permissible)
- better to leave it but whether or not you get reward for that is unknown
eg.
- to pour water for someone performing wudhu'
- but if container is too narrow for the person to perform wudhu' himself, possibly can.
- 2 opinions: (a) only refers to pouring water directly to the face (b) refers to any form of pouring water

(iii) makruh (reprehensible)
- wash the limbs of the person performing wudhu'
- if it is done to show off even if you pay for it, haram(forbidden)
- person is old but capable to do it on his own, makruh

(iv) wajib (compulsory)
- not capable of performing wudhu' on his own
- the person offering help can ask for money at the 'market price' if he knows the person can afford
- else, if he can't afford MUST help

Epilogue to Bab Jenazah

When a person is in nazak
1. Talgin
- do not say: " Say! Lailahailallah " because people are usually rebellious in nature and will tend to say "no! I do not want to say "
- instead just recite " lailaha ilaha illallah" and pause, then repeat again. Do this until you see the person moves his lips affirming so or his finger is straightened like in tashahud, then stop repeating. If the one in nazak say something other than la ilaha illallah, do the above again.
- afdhol for the person who talgin to be a non-inheritor of his wealth.
-the prophet(s) said:

Man kana akhir kalamihi La ilaha illallah dakhala al-janna.

"Whoever breathes his last with the words: La ilaha illallah, enters Paradise."

- it is said that when imam muslim was narrating :

man kana akhir kalamihi la ilaha illallah

he passed away. Then one one of his students who was listening finished the hadith by saying

dakahala al-janna

2. place siwak that is dipped in water into his mouth
- because someone in nazak is very thirsty. It is said that even if he is given water as much as the ocean, it will not satisfy him.

3. read surah al-mulk
- if one still has umur, this surah is like a medicine
- if one is about to die, this surah will ease the soul from leaving the body

4. recite yasin

note: wasiyya to be done when still healthy, not when nazak

when a person pass away:

1. close the eyes, because the eyes follow the soul

2. straighten the legs, tie it to close the gaps in between the toes

3.anything heavy place on the stomach: dead person easy for air to enter the body.

4. lie straight, leg facing qiblah

5. tie head to prevent mouth from opening.

when does the door of taubah close?

1. when nazak
2. when the sun rise in the west