Zakat (Alms)

Zakat

definition in lughah
- to purify and to increase
- hence when you perform zakat, your wealth increases

NOTE 1: in many hadis, zakat comes before sawm (fasting)
NOTE 2: fardhu 'ain upon all muslims
NOTE 3: ma'lum diini minal dharurah

Tazkiyyah an nafs
2 meanings:
(a) good: purify one's self from bad character ( spiritual)
(b) bad: cleaning one's name , riyaa' (haram)

3 important terms:
(a) nisab - the minimum amount before zakat is incumbent
(b) Qadar - how much to take from it to pay as zakat
(c) haul - time to pay zakat, one round /year


Al-Amwaal (Weatlh) of which is compulsory in it Zakat

(i) An- na'am (Domesticated Animals)
(a) camel (libn)
(b) cow(bagar)/kerbau(namz)
(c) sheep(ghanam)
- chicken/horse/deer/kancil not included
-some differentiate kerbau(namz) if use for work in the fields no need, the original ruling is there is a must

(ii) Nagdaani (2 coins)
- dirham ( silver) and dinar (gold)
- for gold/silver not in use includes
(a) women's ornaments
- but if used to lend people for wedding etc (without renting out for it) no need
- if rent out must zakat
(b) haram
- guy wearing gold/silver jewellery other than ring
- utensils, plates bowl etc. made of silver/gold

nisab: 20 mithgal of gold(84g) /200 silver coins(588g)
Qadar: 2.5%

- local currency, mu'tamad must pay zakat because it is pegged with gold

(i)Al-Mu'ashsyarat
2 types:
(a) Cereals
- that is grown as a meal even if occasionally eg. dhal, green pea
- excludes kuaci (lotus seed)

(b) fruits
- 2 types of fruits (i) azabi (raisin) (ii) thamar (ripe dates)

Qadr:
TYPE 1: Grown by themselves (no irrigation or self watering, watering by rain)
- 5%
- For cereals if not processed yet, with the covering ashra ausu' (10%)
TYPE 2: Water the plants by yourself
- 2.5%

Nisab:
- 5 ausu'/300 sa' = approx 825kg

(iv) Amwaalu at-tijarah
Qadr: 2.5% of assets/inventories
Nisab: based on the seeling price not cost
Hawl: 1 yr after the beginning of business

(v) Rikaz ( dafni al-jahiliyyah)
- treasure burried before the rise of rasul(s)
- Qadr: 20%
- no hawl - immediate.
- not logata ; whatever you found. NOTE: for logata must wait for a year after advertising. If someone claim the money is hiz, must investigate before returning. After 1 year can spend BUT if someone lay a claim that the money is his, MUST return back. exclude food, because it cannot less, but still have to pay the owner.

(vi) al- ma'din
- something (from gold and silver - dzhahab walfidhah) from the earth that is processed
- nisab follow nagdan
- no hawl ( immediate)